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Marker used to signal the dealer or last player in poker

Dealer button and playing

cards

In poker, the buck or dealer button is a marker used to indicate the player who

is dealing or, in casino games with a house dealer, the player who acts last on that

deal (who would be the dealer in a home game). The term button is also used for a

variety of plastic discs, or lammers, used by casinos to mark the status of

players.

History [ edit ]

When poker became a popular saloon game in the United States

in the middle of the nineteenth century, the integrity of the players was unreliable

and the honor codes that had regulated gambling for centuries became inadequate.

Because the dealer has the greatest opportunity to cheat (by manipulating the specific

cards that players receive, or by inspecting the dealt cards), the players would take

turns in this role. To avoid arguments about whose turn it was to deal, the person who

was next due to deal would be given a marker. This marker was moved clockwise around

the table after each hand. A knife was commonly used as a marker, and the marker became

generally known as a "buck", as an abbreviated reference to the buck's horn that formed

the handle of many knives at that time.

When the dealer had finished dealing the cards

he "passed the buck". According to Martin, the earliest use of the phrase in print is

in the July 1865 edition of Weekly New Mexican: "They draw at the commissary, and at

poker after they have passed the buck." The phrase then appears frequently in many

sources so it probably originated at about this time. However, Mark Twain cited it as

common slang in Virginia City when he was a reporter there in 1862.[1]

"Passing the

buck" soon became a metaphor for dodging responsibility. U.S. President Harry S. Truman

was noted for a sign in his office reading "The buck stops here." It was a gift

from[citation needed] Fred Canfil, who found a similar sign in the warden's office at

the Federal Reformatory at El Reno, Oklahoma.

The use of other small disks as such

markers led to the alternative term "button". Silver dollars were later used as markers

and it has been suggested that this is the origin of "buck" as a slang term for

"dollar," though by no means is there universal agreement on this subject. The marker

is also referred to as "the hat". The origin of this term is believed to stem from the

wearing of a hat having been used to denote dealership.

Dealer button [ edit ]

Today, a

dealer button is typically a white plastic disc with the word "Dealer" on each side.

While in most home games, the player holding the dealer button deals the cards, in a

casino or cardroom, an employee handles this responsibility.

The dealer button is

sometimes modified to indicate a secondary detail about the hand being played�for

example, a kill game may use a button with the word "Kill" on one side to show that the

current hand is a kill pot, and turn the "Dealer" side up to show that the kill is off,

or a dealer's choice game might replace the dealer button with a placard indicating the

chosen game.

The term "button" is often used to refer to the dealer position, which is

the position whose turn to bet comes last. Being "on the button" is therefore the most

advantageous and most profitable position in poker.

Other buttons [ edit ]

In casino

and card room cash games, the dealer's well may contain an assortment of laminated

discs that the dealer may place in front of a player's seat under certain conditions.

Properly called lammers (rhymes with 'spammers'), but also referred to as buttons, they

are separate from and used differently from a dealer button.

The following table lists

the most common lammers and their significance:

Button Use All In Put in front of a

player who has wagered all their chips. Blind,

Small Blind with

Big Blind Put in front

of the players to show they owe the indicated amounts. The blind button is used in

single blind games, while the big and small blind are used together in double blind

games. Missed Blind,

Missed Big Blind,

Missed Small Blind Used to mark the position of

a player who has missed their turn to pay a blind. When the player returns, the missed

blinds may be paid immediately, or the player may keep the lammer and wait to play

until the unpaid blind comes in turn. Which indicative lammer is used depends on the

game being played or which blinds are missed. No Player

or

Absent Placed on the table

at the position of a player that has been away for an extended period. According to

World Series of Poker Live Action Rules, after the seat has missed the blinds, each new

dealer places an additional lammer in front of the missing player's empty seat. On

receiving a third lammer, the absent players chips' could be picked up by the house in

order to seat a player waiting to get in the game. Reserved Put in front of an empty

seat to hold it for a player that is arriving soon. Seat Change A player can request

one of these lammers from the dealer and reserve first choice to change seats when a

player at the table leaves the game. Third Man Walking Marks the position of a player

who leaves the table when two players are already away. According to World Series of

Poker Live Action Rules, the third player's chips' could be picked up by the house to

seat a new player if the third player has not returned when the blind comes to their

position. Kill/No Kill

or

Kill/Leg Up Used exclusively in kill games, these lammers are

unique since they read differently on each side to indicate the kill status of the pot,

similar to the "On/Off" point marker in Craps. If the kill is active, it is placed

"Kill" side up in front of the player who has triggered it to show that player is

required to "kill the pot" by posting an increased additional blind for the subsequent

hand; Unless the player is also in a regular blind position, which would require only

the increased value "kill" blind. If it is not a kill pot, the "No Kill" side is kept

up by the dealer. The lammer may also read "Kill" and "Leg Up" on each side to show who

has triggered the first half of a requirement to kill the pot ("Leg Up"), or if the pot

has been killed. Which of the two differently marked lammers is used depends upon the

requirement to trigger the kill pot for that game.

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit

]